Frequency Control using Cooperative Demand Response through Accumulated Energy

This paper proposes a hierarchical control architecture for engaging demand into providing primary frequency response services. The proposed architecture relies on the use of information about accumulated energy for the aggregation of demand capabilities and dissagregation of demand responsibilities. Since the accumulated energy has a distinct additive property, the aggregation/disaggregation of demand becomes straightforward. Additional unique features of the proposed architecture are that it: i) includes the information of inflexible load in the aggregated demand, ii) allows for intuitive cooperation between load aggregators. Conditions for stability under cooperating load aggregators are derived. Finally, simulations are carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system to illustrate the proposed concepts of aggregation, disaggregation and cooperation.NSF initiative, Award no. EFRI-144130

Foundations of Infrastructure CPS

Infrastructures have been around as long as urban centers, supporting a society’s needs for its planning, operation, and safety. As we move deeper into the 21st century, these infrastructures are becoming smart – they monitor themselves, communicate, and most importantly self-govern, which we denote as Infrastructure CPS. Cyber-physical systems are now becoming increasingly prevalent and possibly even mainstream. With the basics of CPS in place, such as stability, robustness, and reliability properties at a systems level, and hybrid, switched, and eventtriggered properties at a network level, we believe that the time is right to go to the next step, Infrastructure CPS, which forms the focus of the proposed tutorial. We discuss three different foundations, (i) Human Empowerment, (ii) Transactive Control, and (iii) Resilience. This will be followed by two examples, one on the nexus between power and communication infrastructure, and the other between natural gas and electricity, both of which have been investigated extensively of late, and are emerging to be apt illustrations of Infrastructure CPS

Open-access tool of linked electricity market models: Deliverable D4.8

Project TradeRES - New Markets Design & Models for 100% Renewable Power Systems: https://traderes.eu/about/ABSTRACT: For a holistic understanding and simulation of the energy markets, many different aspects need to modelled properly. Often no single modelling tool offers the whole picture, but a combination of methods needs to be used. A model linkage platform has been chosen previously and this deliverable describes the integration of the modelling tools used in TradeRES to the linking application, Spine Toolbox. Spine Toolbox was used to build data processing and execution workflows around the energy system modelling tools Backbone, AMIRIS, EMLab, COMPETES, RESTrade and MASCEM. The aim is to integrate selected tools together for answering the research questions in the TradeRES project. The integrations of individual tools and some combinations are described in this document. Mostly, the work is still in progress. Also, a common database to serve the case studies has been created, but populating the database with scenario data is still in progress. A common data model to serve all the modelling tools has been created and the database is implemented using Spine Toolbox.N/

Microtubule nucleation properties of single human γTuRCs explained by their Cryo-EM structure

The γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is the major microtubule nucleator in cells. The mechanism of its regulation is not understood. We purified human γTuRC and measured its nucleation properties in a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy-based real-time nucleation assay. We find that γTuRC stably caps the minus ends of microtubules that it nucleates stochastically. Nucleation is inefficient compared with microtubule elongation. The 4 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of γTuRC, combined with crosslinking mass spectrometry analysis, reveals an asymmetric conformation with only part of the complex in a "closed" conformation matching the microtubule geometry. Actin in the core of the complex, and MZT2 at the outer perimeter of the closed part of γTuRC appear to stabilize the closed conformation. The opposite side of γTuRC is in an "open," nucleation-incompetent conformation, leading to a structural asymmetry explaining the low nucleation efficiency of purified human γTuRC. Our data suggest possible regulatory mechanisms for microtubule nucleation by γTuRC closure.This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001163 and FC0010065), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001163 and FC0010065), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001163 and FC0010065) to T.S. and A.C. The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology is supported by core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203149). J. Rappsilber is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2008 – 390540038 – UniSysCat and 329673113. J. Roostalu. was supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (100145/Z/12/Z) and M.A.C. is supported by a Marie Sk1odowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (agreement no. 845939). T.S. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (Advanced Grant, project 323042). A.C. receives funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 820102). T.C., J.A., J.W.M., and T.S. acknowledge also the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness to the CRG-EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Cataluny

New market designs in electricity market simulation models: Deliverable D4.5

Project TradeRES - New Markets Design & Models for 100% Renewable Power Systems: https://traderes.eu/about/ABSTRACT: To integrate a high share of renewables in a future system, several modifications to the electricity market rules may need to be implemented. The most relevant market design concepts were identified from the literature and reported in work package 3. There are several uncertainties, for instance with respect to the questions of whether a future electricity market will provide enough incentives for investment in variable renewable energy sources (vRES) – mainly solar and wind energy – and in flexibility options, especially for long periods with insufficient vRES generation. In this deliverable, the modelling requirements to analyse the new market rules are determined. The modelling efforts will reflect the main policy choices and are based on the strengths of the modelling capabilities from the consortium. The model enhancements to represent the temporal, spatial and sectoral flexibility will be approached in deliverables 4.1 to 4.3. For this reason, these topics will be described only briefly in this deliverable.N/